进入20世纪90年月后,跟着泡沫经济的幻灭,日本经济成长堕入低迷,老龄化和低诞生率、财產海外转移致使的处所浮泛化等問题日趋凸现。石森秀三[1]认為处所的假寓生齿不成能增长的环境下,交换生齿可為处所经济注入活气,认為遊覽则是扩展交换生齿的有用路子。日本海内遊覽需求疲软的状况下,外國旅客可成為首要补给源[26]。当局决议計划层也起头意想到入境遊覽的首要性,1996年,运输省(现河山交通省)提出《访日外國旅客倍增规划》,由此成长入境遊覽再次成為國度层面的首要议案。紧接着公布了《外國旅客兜揽法》(1997年)、《新接待规划21》(2000年)、《國际遊覽計谋》(2002年)、《促成拜候日本(Visit Japan Campaign=VJC)》(2003年)、《参觀立國推動根基法》(2006年),2008年更是零丁设立了参觀厅,以强化遊覽财產辦理与和谐事情的权势巨子性与专業性。继而公布《参觀立國根基规划2012年~2016年》(2012年),《增长访日旅客的配合规划》(2013年)等一系列规划、律例、辦法,踊跃改良和促成入境遊覽的成长[27-28]。同時,快速發展的近邻出境遊市场為日本入境遊覽成长供给了绝好的契机。圖1為日本國际遊覽成长状态。日本入境遊覽除在2003年亚洲地域非典、2009年世界性的金融危机、2011年东北特大地動的重创下呈现了负增加外,一向连结着较高的增加率。
中國大陆赴日遊覽始于2000年,按照两國当局的ADS协定,面向北京、上海、廣东省户籍公民弛禁集團遊覽。日本当局2003年起头施行旨在强化入境遊的VJC(Visit Japan Campaign)計谋,中國事其重點成长工具,采纳了各类辦法拓展中國的赴日遊覽市场。
[20] Hsin-Yu Shih. Network characteristics of drive tourism destinations: An application of network analysis in tourism[J]. Tourism Management,2006,27(5):1029-1039.
Spatial pattern of Chines百家樂, e tourist behavioral
space in Japan
JIN Yu-shi
(School of Tourism and Geography Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract: China, as the most important tourism market has greatly interested by the rapid development of outbound tourism, but there is little research on the characteristics of Chinese tourists within overseas destination. Japan is an important approved destination for Chinese outbound tourists. In this paper, the spatial pattern of Chinese tourist behavioral space within Japan was analyzed with concentration ratio and competition state index. The number of Chinese visiting Japan for travel has been increasing quickly, which were caused by the development of economic globalization, the looser exit policy environment and the increase of China's per capita disposable income.In the meantime the number and growth rate of Chinese tourists visiting Japan showed a significant uneven regional distribution, and appeared clustering in destination. Such spatial differences intensifed over time resulting in the big gap between the “rich” and the “poor”. Prefectures of the same kind competition states are close to each other spatially. Tokyo-Osaka area keeps to be the mose-visited destination of Chinese tourists. This paper concluded that such spatial pattern is the consequence of present interest demands of suppliers, customers and intermediary agents. Viewed from demand, first-time visitors account for a big proportion in Chinese tourists and they prefer typical and representative high-reputation tourist attractions. Highly attractive tourist areas possess developed economy, high population density, abundant cities, convenient transportation and many representative local high-quality attractions. Moreover, travel agencies emphasize on familiar gold routes which are easy to be controlled.
Keywords: Chinese tourists; outbound tourism; spatial pattern; Japan